![]() ![]() The goal is to re-establish a more satisfactory balance between the wolf and moose populations so that their precious dynamic relationship can be studied for future conservation projects. So far, 4 wolves (which have been equipped with GPS tracking collars) have been reintroduced on the island, with a further 20 to 30 individuals to come over the next few years. National Park Service to restock the wolf population. Therefore, a new plan is being undertaken by the U.S. However, a continued presence of a genetically healthy wolf population on the island would provide a check on the booming moose numbers. Thus, conservationists fear that the growing moose population will eliminate the limited vegetation that they eat and need in order to survive, thereby leading to starvation of the animals. As a result, the numbers of moose on the island are increasing at a very rapid pace. Scientists estimate that there are only 2 remaining wolves on Isle Royale. See also: Mathematical ecology Population genetics For example, the moose population (which was expected to hover around 1500 individuals) has ranged between 500 to 2500 since 1958, whereas the wolf population (which was expected to hover around 25 individuals) has fluctuated between 2 and 50. Instead, the wolf and moose populations have shifted antagonistically between high and low points. Investigators initially envisioned that a population equilibrium would have been reached between the predatory wolf and moose prey populations. ![]() All of the subsequent wolves inhabiting the island descended from the initial pair, which led to population difficulties resulting from inbreeding. Some examples of predator-prey relationships are bat and moth, fox and rabbit, and bear and salmon. Hundreds of different predator-prey relationships occur in nature. Prey is the animal the predator feeds upon. The first wolves were a pair of animals that walked across an ice bridge from Ontario during a particularly cold winter in 1949. Background: A predator is an organism that catches and eats other animals. The first moose arrived on the island in the early 1900s, possibly by swimming from the mainland or by "stocking" carried out by humans. The populations of wolves and moose on Isle Royale have fluctuated dramatically. See also: Food web Population ecology Population viability Theoretical ecology Trophic ecology ![]() Therefore, a predator-prey interaction can be viewed as an antagonistic interaction, in which the population of one species has a negative effect on the population of a second, whereas the second has a positive effect on the first. Conversely, an increase in the density of prey leads to more potential food for predators and a consequent increase in the predator's population growth rate. For example, predators affect the population dynamics of prey because an increase in the density of the predator population leads to increased predation on the prey and a consequent decrease in the prey's population growth rate. In general, the interactions of predators and their prey play a chief role in explaining the population dynamics of numerous animal species. Population dynamics-that is, changes in the sizes of populations of organisms through time-are often studied by conservationists and ecological researchers. ![]()
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![]() A 2009 review article about the safety of nanoparticles summarizes this, "to date, in-vivo and in-vitro studies have not demonstrated percutaneous penetration of nanosized particles in titanium dioxide and zinc oxide sunscreens". But do not panic, these are concerns under investigation. Once absorbed they might form unwanted complexes with proteins and they might promote the formation of evil free radicals. The main concern with nanoparticles is that they are so tiny that they are absorbed into the skin more than we want them (ideally sunscreen should remain on the surface of the skin). The itsy-bitsy Nano-sized particles improve both spreadability and reduce the whitish tint a lot, but unfortunately, it also introduces new health concerns. The cosmetic industry is, of course, really trying to solve this problem and the best solution so far is using nanoparticles. Sunscreens containing Titanium Dioxide are often hard to spread on the skin and they leave a disturbing whitish tint. The disadvantage of Titanium Dioxide is that it's not cosmetically elegant, meaning it's a white, "unspreadable" mess. Regular sized Titanium Dioxide also has a great safety profile, it's non-irritating and is pretty much free from any health concerns (like estrogenic effect worries with some chemical filters). Its protection is very good between 290 - 350 nm (UVB and UVA II range), and less good at 350-400 nm (UVA I) range. Our skin are different.Melaleuca Alternifolia (Tea Tree Leaf OilĪnyway, it doesn't matter if it reflects or absorbs, Titanium Dioxide is a pretty awesome sunscreen agent for two main reasons: it gives a nice broad spectrum coverage and it's highly stable. Take note that what might benefit for my skin may not for your skin. Product provided by Wako Beauty for review purposeĭisclaimer: All reviews are based on my experience and reaction from my skin. I’ve tested the pH and it has pH balance which good to use everyday.Īll skin type but it’s depends on your skin preference.įor those who looking for deep yet gentle cleanser with pH balance. ![]() Overall, for this cleanser not too harsh but not too gentle either. It also easy to rinse and I don’t feel tight on my skin after I pat dry towel my face. I use 60 second method and glad that this cleanser didn’t striping away the natural oil. ![]() It takes a bit lathering to build up the foam from normal foam to rich, smooth creamy foam that will gentle deep cleansing your skin. However, Barulab Black Clay Cleansing Foam is not like what i thought. I’m quite sceptical when it comes to cleanser with so many acid word at the top in the ingredients list due to harsh effect to my skin. Sometimes i use also during my morning routine too. ![]() I usually use this cleanser during my night routine for deep gentle cleansing.
![]() Hosting The Fine Wine Experience vertical tastings in the mid-2000s, the fresh-to-market 2000 vintage was often the youngest wine we tasted. ![]() But the thing about this vintage that I really haven’t seen anything like it in my lifetime is, the quality goes very, very deep, to really, you know, wines that - you know, estates, will cost under $10 a bottle that are delicious –” They can’t afford it, they don’t get enough money for their wine. … sometimes in some vintages, the top châteaux, because of the strict selection, because they have a lot of money, can sort of skim off the cream of their production, and only put 30 or 40 percent of their production into the bottle, so that they have the best wine, but the smaller châteaux can’t do that. “But when you have a top vintage, like you’ve had in 2000, the quality of the wines across the board is really the best I’ve ever seen. On primetime TV, this is what Parker had to say: In 2001, while the wines were still in barrel and offered en primeur, Parker appeared on 60 Minutes, and Charlie Rose. Then came along the 2000 vintage, and I recall that it was one that caught the imagination of a wider audience, such was the hype surrounding it. Robert Parker was at the peak of his market-influencing dominance at that time, and so too were the wines of Bordeaux. ![]() I began buying wines and organizing tastings in the mid-1990s. ![]() My thoughts on the vintage, the wines, with tasting notes and scores follow. That’s what we found at The Fine Wine Experience 2000 Bordeaux Dinner I hosted at Duddell’s in Hong Kong this week. A little more than 20 years since the harvest, top-level red Bordeaux from the 2000 vintage shows high quality, richness, freshness and balance aligned to classic moderate weight, and eminent drinkability. ![]() ![]() ![]() Be sure to check back soon for more tips, tricks, and information to help you save the Shattered Isles and defeat the Behemoths that threaten them. We’ll be updating our Dauntless guide wiki as we dive deeper into the game. ![]()
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![]() Solder groups of 7 of the cathode wires to male pin headers (photo 8) - this will make it easy to connect and disconnect the LED board from the controller board. Make sure you test each of the words at this point - I had a few loose solder joints which caused only parts of words to light up. ![]() You can then attach a single wire to any positive lead (since they're all connected), and attach a wire to a negative lead for each of the words. Finally, bend the positive lead (resistor) on the end of each row down and solder it to the lower row to connect all of the resistors together (photo 6). Solder together all of the positive leads (the resistor side) in each row and solder together all of the negative leads leaving a gap (discontinuity) between words (photos 3/4/5). Tip: mark the division between words on the back of the cardboard - this will help when connecting LEDs. If you did this consistently, the leads of the resistors should overlap when placed into the cardboard backing. Make sure you make the bend close to the resistor/LED otherwise the leads might touch another row once installed. Take each of the LEDs and bend one lead 90 degrees, and the other 90 degrees the other way (see photos 1/2). test the LED-resistor combo on a 5v supply to make sure the solder joint is good and polarity is correct (photo 6) hold the short lead of the resistor next to the trimmed lead of the LED and tack them together with a bit of solder (photo 5) place the LED into some kind of jig to hold it steady - a piece of cardboard with a hole punched in it works well ![]() trim the anode so that a small stub ~3-5mm is left (it shouldn't even extend past the base of the LED) - photo 3 The anode is the longer lead, and is opposite the flat edge of the LED - photo 2 we're going to attach a resistor to the anode (+) of each LED. Keep in mind that up to 31 LEDs will be lit at once ("IT IS TWENTY FIVE MINUTES PAST ELEVEN"), so if you drive each LED at 20mA you will need a 620mA power supply - this is part of the reason why I planned for 10mA a piece.įirst, trim one lead of each resistor leaving about 3-5mm (see photo 1). I chose to use 1Kohm resistors and drive the LEDs at 10mA (half their rated current), but you might want to use 470ohm or smaller depending on your power supply and LEDs. We need to attach a resistor to each LED to limit the current that flows through it. Now comes the repetitive task of soldering all 98 LEDs and resistors. (Edit 8/1/10: Added a better description of the construction paper border and more pictures) Also, put a piece of black electrical tape behind each of the non-used spacer letters to make sure no stray light gets through. Tape this on the inside (back) of the letter mask to help diffuse the LED light and make the letters a dim gray when not illuminated. Now, cut out a square piece of the black garbage bag big enough to cover all of the letters. Tape the transparencies to the back of the border (photo 6). Use a utility knife to cut out the inner square leaving a 0.5" paper border (photo 5). Mark lines 0.5" in from each side forming an 8"x8" square (photo 4). Cut a piece of construction paper to be 9"x9". Therefore you need to cut a piece of construction paper to form a border and fill the gap - it also adds a nice touch of color. Note: the viewable area of the Ikea frame is 8.5" square, but unfortunately you can't print all the way to the edge of the transparency. Align the letters of the two layers and tape the layers together with double-sided tape on the top and bottom black regions - see photos 2 and 3. Depending on how dark your ink is you may need more or fewer layers to get an opaque black.Ĭut off the clear parts of the transparency so only the black square is left. ![]() The ink wasn't quite black enough to completely block out light, so I printed 2 of them and stacked them. Since there's a lot of black ink, I had my transparencies printed at Staples for something like 50 cents a piece. I thought of several different ways to make the letters, such as silk-screening on the back of the glass, or having a custom black sticker made, but eventually I settled on printing black onto transparencies - see the attached PDF file. ![]() The key to making the clock look nice was making the glossy black letter mask. ![]() ![]() ![]() IMobie continues to remain unresponsive, as does 2Checkout, while I await my refund. 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